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    【18】特殊句子的被动语态 - 英语讲义



    作者:欢乐鱼 阅读次数:6798


     
     
    特殊句子的被动语态

     前两三期谈过了被动语态的变法及在什么情况下要用被动语态。

      这里要谈的是:如何处理某些句子的被动语态。

      先看看双宾语句子如何变成被动语态。

      大家知道,英语有些句子含有两个宾语:直接宾语和间接宾语。例如:

      “The crowd gave the guest a warm welcome ”里,就有双宾语。一个是直接宾语“a warm welcome” ;另一个是间接宾语“the guest”。

      在变成被动语态时,其中一个宾语要成为主语。在一般情况下,我们多以间接宾语为主语,直接宾语留在原位,如:

      “The guest was given a warm welome by the crowd ”。

      但是,如果重点在直接宾语,直接宾语便要变成被动语态的主语,如:

      “We will offer any capable applicant a competitive salary.”要变成:

      “A competitive salary will be offered to any capable applicant.”

      接着,让我们看看名词分句如何变成被动语态,例如:

      “People generally feel that social workers are offering valuable services for the public.”这句子可以“it ”作为主语,然后,把名词分句移到句子后头去:

      “It is generally felt that social workers are offering valuable services for the public.”

      另外一种变法是把名词分句的主语转为被动句的主语,接着把名词分句的动词变成不定式动词:

      “Social workers are generally felt to be offering valuable services for the public.”

      最后,谈谈怎样把不带“to”的不定式动词变成被动语态。例如:

      “We saw them go out”和“He made her work”这两句话里, “go out”和“work” 不带“to ”,但是当它们变成被动句时,“ to ”出现了:

      “They were seen to go out.”和“She was made to work.”

      在结束本文之前,顺便指出中英文句子结构的一个差异,就是中文含有被动意义的句子,不一定要用“被”字,但在译成英文时,却要变成被动语态。例如:

      ①灯关掉了:The light was turned off (不是:The light turned off)

      ②会议延期举行:The meeting will be put off. (不是:The meeting will put off)

      ③这件事必须保密:This matter should be kept secret.(不是:This matter should be secret)

      ④发展计划提早完成:The development project was completed before schedule.

      ⑤我们学校去年建造了一个新的电脑室: Last year, a new computer room was built in our school.

      ⑥在旧社会,妇女是受轻视的:In the old society,women were looked down upon.

    关键字:英语讲义