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实用英语写作技巧之第十一单元 推展段落方法之四——过程分析法
作者:abscottlee 阅读次数:5296
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[size=3][color=indigo][b]11[/b][b][font=宋体]．[/font]1[/b][b][font=宋体]过程分析法[/font][/b][/color][/size]
[size=3][color=indigo][font=宋体]过程分析法（[/font]process analysis[font=宋体]）用作支配方法时，其目的是告诉读者怎样做某事，说明某事物的工作原理或某事物的制造方法。[/font][/color][/size]
[size=3][color=indigo][font=宋体]示范段落[/font]11[font=宋体]－[/font]1[/color][/size]
[size=3][color=indigo]Even if you don't know how to cook[font=宋体]，[/font]you'll never starve to death if you know how to prepare scrambled eggs[font=宋体]．[/font]You begin by melting one tablespoon of butter in a frying pan over low heat[font=宋体]．[/font]While the butter is melting[font=宋体]，[/font]break three eggs into a bowl[font=宋体]．[/font]Add 1[font=宋体]／[/font]4teaspoon of salt[font=宋体]，[/font]1[font=宋体]／[/font]4 teaspoon of paprika[font=宋体]，[/font]and three tablespoons of milk to the eggs in the bowl and mix them for about a minute[font=宋体]．[/font]Pour the mixture into the frying pan[font=宋体]，[/font]break them into shreds with a fork[font=宋体]，[/font]or stir them with a spoon until they become solid[font=宋体]．[/font]When they are cooked[font=宋体]，[/font]serve them with lightly buttered toast[font=宋体]．[/font][/color][/size]
[size=3][color=indigo][b]11[/b][b][font=宋体]．[/font]2[/b][b][font=宋体]示范段落分析[/font][/b][/color][/size]
[size=3][color=indigo][font=宋体]主题句：[/font]Even if you don't know how to cook[font=宋体]，[/font]you'll never starve to death if you know how to prepare scrambled eggs[font=宋体]．[/font][/color][/size]
[size=3][color=indigo][font=宋体]步骤[/font]1[font=宋体]：[/font]melt butter[/color][/size]
[size=3][color=indigo][font=宋体]步骤[/font]2[font=宋体]：[/font]break eggs[/color][/size]
[size=3][color=indigo][font=宋体]步骤[/font]3[font=宋体]：[/font]add salt[font=宋体]，[/font]paprika and milk to the eggs[/color][/size]
[size=3][color=indigo][font=宋体]步骤[/font]4[font=宋体]：[/font]mix them[/color][/size]
[size=3][color=indigo][font=宋体]步骤[/font]5[font=宋体]：[/font]pour into the frying pan and stir them[/color][/size]
[size=3][color=indigo][font=宋体]步骤[/font]6[font=宋体]：[/font]serve with buttered toast[/color][/size]
[size=3][color=indigo]11[font=宋体]．[/font]3[font=宋体]关于如何写过程分析段落的建议[/font][/color][/size]
[size=3][color=indigo]1[font=宋体]）按照事物发展过程的顺序解释过程[/font][/color][/size]
[size=3][color=indigo][font=宋体]过程分析通常使用时间顺序法组织段落，因为告诉别人怎样做某件事的最容易的方法是一步一步地分析。[/font][/color][/size]
[size=3][color=indigo]2[font=宋体]）提及必要的用具、成分的分量和时机，在适当的地方提醒读者注意容易做错的地方。[/font][/color][/size]
[size=3][color=indigo]3[font=宋体]）使用列举符号表示步骤。[/font][/color][/size]
[size=3][color=indigo][font=宋体]下面的列举符号（[/font]listing signals[font=宋体]）常用于过程描述：[/font][/color][/size]
[size=3][color=indigo]first[font=宋体]，[/font]second[font=宋体]，[/font]third[font=宋体]，[/font]etc[font=宋体]．[/font][/color][/size]
[size=3][color=indigo]to begin with[font=宋体]，[/font]then[font=宋体]，[/font]finally[font=宋体]，[/font]etc[font=宋体]．[/font][/color][/size]
[size=3][color=indigo]Exercise 11-1[/color][/size]
[size=3][color=indigo]Directions[font=宋体]：[/font]Read the following paragraph[font=宋体]，[/font]then find out the topic sentence[font=宋体]，[/font]the listing signals and analyze the steps of the process[font=宋体]．[/font][/color][/size]
[size=3][color=indigo]In his will[font=宋体]，[/font]Alfred Nobel left specific instructions as to how the winners of the science awards he endowed are to be selected[font=宋体]．[/font]First[font=宋体]，[/font]each year the Swedish Academy of Sciences[font=宋体]（[/font]physics and chemistry[font=宋体]）[/font]and the Caroline Medical Institute[font=宋体]（[/font]physiology and medicine[font=宋体]）[/font]solicit nearly two thousand recommendations from past laureates[font=宋体]，[/font]university professors and other experts from all over the world[font=宋体]．[/font]The second step is the review of recommendations received and the selections of preliminary candidates by special committees within the two Swedish institutions[font=宋体]．[/font]The committee members are specifically instructed that those chosen [font=宋体]“[/font]shall have conferred the greatest benefit on mankind[font=宋体]，”[/font]and that no considerations be given to the candidates' nationalities[font=宋体]．[/font]Next[font=宋体]，[/font]after lengthy investigation and discussion[font=宋体]，[/font]the final choices are made for each discipline[font=宋体]．[/font]Finally[font=宋体]，[/font]telegrams informing them of their awards are sent to the new Nobel laureates about one month prior to the award ceremony[font=宋体]．[/font][/color][/size]
[size=3][color=indigo]Topic Sentence[font=宋体]：[/font]____________________________________________[/color][/size]
[size=3][color=indigo]______________________________________________________________[/color][/size]
[size=3][color=indigo]Listing Signals[font=宋体]：[/font]_____________________________________________[/color][/size]
[size=3][color=indigo]Steps[font=宋体]：[/font] 1[font=宋体]．[/font]______________________________________________[/color][/size]
[size=3][color=indigo]2[font=宋体]．[/font]______________________________________________[/color][/size]
[size=3][color=indigo]3[font=宋体]．[/font]______________________________________________[/color][/size]
[size=3][color=indigo]4[font=宋体]．[/font]______________________________________________[/color][/size]
[b][size=3][color=indigo]Exercise 11-2[/color][/size][/b]
[size=3][color=indigo]Directions[font=宋体]：[/font]The sentences below constitute a paragraph on the scientific methods[font=宋体]．[/font]However[font=宋体]，[/font]the sentences have been given in a disordered sequence[font=宋体]．[/font]You should place them in their correct order[font=宋体]．[/font][/color][/size]
[size=3][color=indigo]a[font=宋体]．[/font]Following this method[font=宋体]，[/font]the reseacher first observe some aspects of nature and then poses a specific question about what he has observed[font=宋体]．[/font][/color][/size]
[size=3][color=indigo]b[font=宋体]．[/font]Experiments based on this hypothesis are designed and conductedto test each contingency[font=宋体]．[/font][/color][/size]
[size=3][color=indigo]c[font=宋体]．[/font]In order to answer this question[font=宋体]，[/font]potent data are collected[font=宋体]．[/font][/color][/size]
[size=3][color=indigo]d[font=宋体]．[/font]After thorough experimentation[font=宋体]，[/font]the researcher validates[font=宋体]，[/font]modifies[font=宋体]，[/font]or rejects his original hypothesis[font=宋体]．[/font][/color][/size]
[size=3][color=indigo]e[font=宋体]．[/font]Originating from the branch of philosophy called epistemology[font=宋体]，[/font]what we now know as the scientific method provides guidelinesf of the systematic acquisition of knowledge[font=宋体]．[/font][/color][/size]
[size=3][color=indigo]f[font=宋体]．[/font]On the basis of these data[font=宋体]，[/font]a hypothesis is proposed to explain them[font=宋体]．[/font][/color][/size]
[size=3][color=indigo]The right order[font=宋体]：[/font]______________________________[/color][/size]
[b][size=3][color=indigo]Exercise 11-3[/color][/size][/b]
[size=3][color=indigo]Directions[font=宋体]：[/font]Write a paragraph about how to prepare a barbecue picnic in the park[font=宋体]．[/font][/color][/size]
[size=3][color=indigo]______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________[/color][/size]
[size=3][color=indigo][/color][/size]
[b][size=10.5pt]
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[[i] 本帖最后由 abscottlee 于 2007-5-28 10:42 编辑 [/i]] |
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