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实用英语写作技巧之第十九单元 组织段落方法——重要性和熟悉度顺序
作者:abscottlee 阅读次数:9291
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[color=indigo][size=3][b]19[/b][b][font=宋体]．[/font]1 [/b][b][font=宋体]重要性顺序排列法[/font][/b][/size][/color]
[color=indigo][size=3][font=宋体]前面我们已经讨论了组织段落的两种方法——时间顺序法（[/font]time-order[font=宋体]）和空间顺序法（[/font]space-order[font=宋体]）。组织段落的第三种方法是根据重要性排列的方法（[/font]to organize details according to their order of importance[font=宋体]）。作者使用这种方法的依据是他认为所选用的细节应如何加以强调。[/font][/size][/color]
[color=indigo][size=3][font=宋体]使用重要性顺序法，可选用上升顺序（[/font]ascending order[font=宋体]），或下降顺序（[/font]aescending oraer[font=宋体]）。前者先列举次要观点，把重要的留到最末（如示范段落[/font]17-1[font=宋体]），后者先强调最重要的观点，然后列举次要观点（如示范段落[/font]4-1[font=宋体]）。[/font][/size][/color]
[color=indigo][size=3][b]19[/b][b][font=宋体]．[/font]2 [/b][b][font=宋体]熟悉度顺序排列法[/font][/b][/size][/color]
[color=indigo][size=3][font=宋体]对于某些段落，也许使用熟悉度顺序法（[/font]order of familiarity[font=宋体]）更恰当。这种方法根据读者对作者所选用的一系列细节的熟悉程度排列。例如，在分类段落中，作者经常先谈论读者比较熟悉的、具体的细节，然后谈论读者不大熟悉的细节，如示范段落[/font]16-1[font=宋体]。[/font][/size][/color]
[color=indigo][size=3][b]19[/b][b][font=宋体]．[/font]3 [/b][b][font=宋体]使用顺序法的一般准则[/font][/b][/size][/color]
[size=3][color=indigo][font=宋体]到目前为止，我们共讨论了四种组织段落顺序，使用哪一种顺序取决于作者的写作目的和读者对主题的熟悉程度。[/font][/color][/size]
[color=indigo][size=3]1[font=宋体]）如果你要说服别人相信一个观点，应该选用重要性顺序，把最好和最有力的理由放在能使读者最容易牢记的地方——段末。[/font][/size][/color]
[color=indigo][size=3]2[font=宋体]）如果你要向读者准确地展示一个场面，则应选用空间顺序描述，以便你的读者能够在脑海中再现你所描绘的画面。[/font][/size][/color]
[color=indigo][size=3]3[font=宋体]）如果读者对你要谈论的话题不大熟悉，则应从熟悉的观点着手。[/font][/size][/color]
[color=indigo][size=3]4[font=宋体]）如果你要告诉读者发生了什么事情或怎样做某件事，则需要时间顺序。[/font][/size][/color]
[b][size=3][color=indigo]Exercise 19-1[/color][/size][/b]
[color=indigo][size=3]Directions[font=宋体]：[/font]Read the following two paragraphs and analyze their orders of organization[font=宋体]．[/font][/size][/color]
[align=center][b][size=3][color=indigo] [/color][/size][/b][/align][align=center][color=indigo][size=3][b][font=宋体]（[/font]1[/b][b][font=宋体]）[/font][/b][/size][/color][/align][align=center][b][size=3][color=indigo] [/color][/size][/b][/align][color=indigo][size=3]Why are young people so enthusiastic about computers[font=宋体]？[/font]It is mainly because they find that the computer has a large number of desirable properties[font=宋体]．[/font]First[font=宋体]，[/font]it's not terribly demanding[font=宋体]，[/font]and it does what it is told[font=宋体]．[/font]Second[font=宋体]，[/font]it's easier to be a friend to a computer[font=宋体]，[/font]for it won't make fun of you[font=宋体]．[/font]Nor does it scold you or talk back[font=宋体]．[/font]Third[font=宋体]，[/font]the computer is more interesting than any other object[font=宋体]．[/font]Like people[font=宋体]，[/font]it is interactive[font=宋体]．[/font]When you ask it a question[font=宋体]，[/font]it gives you an answer[font=宋体]．[/font]And because it stores great quantities of information[font=宋体]，[/font]it can oftenanswer more questions[font=宋体]，[/font]more accurately[font=宋体]，[/font]than human friends[font=宋体]．[/font]Finally[font=宋体]，[/font]by programing a computer[font=宋体]，[/font]a youngster can create a world of his own[font=宋体]．[/font][/size][/color]
[color=indigo][size=3]Topic Sentence[font=宋体]：[/font]____________________________________________[/size][/color]
[size=3][color=indigo]______________________________________________________________[/color][/size]
[color=indigo][size=3]Developing Method[font=宋体]：[/font]_________________________________________[/size][/color]
[color=indigo][size=3]Details[font=宋体]：[/font]1[font=宋体]．[/font]_______________________________________________[/size][/color]
[color=indigo][size=3]2[font=宋体]．[/font]_______________________________________________[/size][/color]
[color=indigo][size=3]3[font=宋体]．[/font]_______________________________________________[/size][/color]
[color=indigo][size=3]4[font=宋体]．[/font]_______________________________________________[/size][/color]
[color=indigo][size=3]Order of Organization[font=宋体]：[/font]________________________________________[/size][/color]
[align=center][b][size=3][color=indigo] [/color][/size][/b][/align][align=center][color=indigo][size=3][b][font=宋体]（[/font]2[/b][b][font=宋体]）[/font][/b][/size][/color][/align][align=center][b][size=3][color=indigo] [/color][/size][/b][/align][color=indigo][size=3]People travel because travel benefits them in a number of ways[font=宋体]．[/font]First[font=宋体]，[/font]it enables people to derive much pleasure from seeing sight sand snapping pictures[font=宋体]．[/font]Second[font=宋体]，[/font]it provides an effective way to get their mind off their work[font=宋体]．[/font]It relieves them from strain and makes them thoroughly relaxed and ready to resume their work with rennewed efforts[font=宋体]．[/font]Third[font=宋体]，[/font]it offers an opportunity to visit old friends and make new friends[font=宋体]，[/font]too[font=宋体]．[/font]Finally[font=宋体]，[/font]it allows people to see new customs[font=宋体]，[/font]learn new things[font=宋体]，[/font]gain new experience and enables them to come back with broader mind[font=宋体]．[/font][/size][/color]
[color=indigo][size=3]Topic Sentence[font=宋体]：[/font]____________________________________________[/size][/color]
[size=3][color=indigo]______________________________________________________________[/color][/size]
[color=indigo][size=3]Developing Method[font=宋体]：[/font]________________________________________[/size][/color]
[size=3][color=indigo][/color][/size]
[color=indigo][size=3]Details[font=宋体]：[/font]1[font=宋体]．[/font]______________________________________________[/size][/color]
[color=indigo][size=3]2[font=宋体]．[/font]______________________________________________[/size][/color]
[color=indigo][size=3]3[font=宋体]．[/font]______________________________________________[/size][/color]
[color=indigo][size=3]4[font=宋体]．[/font]______________________________________________[/size][/color]
[color=indigo][size=3]Order of Organization[font=宋体]：[/font]______________________________________[/size][/color]
[b][size=3][color=indigo]Exercise 19-1[/color][/size][/b]
[color=indigo][size=3]Directions[font=宋体]：[/font]Write a paragraph about the unfavorable effects of advertisements[font=宋体]，[/font]using order of importance[font=宋体]．[/font][/size][/color]
[size=3][color=indigo]________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________[/color][/size]
[b][size=3][color=indigo]Exercise 19-2[/color][/size][/b]
[color=indigo][size=3]Directions[font=宋体]：[/font]Write a paragraph about the phenomena of the wasting of water[font=宋体]，[/font]using order of familiarity[font=宋体]．[/font][/size][/color]
[size=3][color=indigo]________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________[/color][/size]
[size=3][color=indigo][/color][/size]
[b][size=10.5pt]
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