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1990年1月四级英语考试 - 四级真题
作者:砚清 阅读次数:7762
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Part I Listening Comprehension (略)
Part II Reading Comprehension (35 minutes)
Directions: There are 4 reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B),C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single ling through the centre.
Passage One
Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage:
Oceanography has been defined as "The application of all sciences to the study of the sea". Before the nineteenth century, scientists with an interest in the sea were few and far between.
Certainly Newton considered some theoretical aspects of it in his writings, but he was reluctant to go to sea to further his work.
For most people the sea was remote, and with the exception of early intercontinental travellers or others who earned a living from the sea, there was little reason to ask many questions about it , let alone to ask what lay beneath the surface. The first time that the question "what is at the bottom of the oceans?" had to be answered with any commercial consequence was when the laying of a telegraph cable from Europe to America was proposed. The engineers had to know the depth profile of the route to estimate the length of cable that had to be manufactured.
It was to Maury of the US Navy that the Atlantic Telegraph Company turned, in 1853, for information on this matter. In the 1840s, Maury had been responsible for encouraging voyages during which soundings were taken to investigate the depths of the North Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. Later , some of his findings aroused much popular interest in his book The Physical Geography of the Sea.
The cable was laid, but not until 1866 was the connection made permanent and reliable. At the early attempts, the cable failed and when it was taken out for repairs it was found to be covered in living growths, a fact which defied contemporary scientific opinion that there was no life in the deeper parts of the sea. Within a few years oceanography was under way. In 1872 Thomson led a scientific expedition , which lasted for four years and brought home thousands of samples from the sea. Their classification and analysis occupied scientists for years and led to a five-volume report, the last volume being published in 1895.
21.The proposal to lay a telegraph cable from Europe to America made oceanographic studies
take on _____.
A)an academic aspect
B)a military aspect
C)a business aspect
D)an international aspect
22. It was ________ that asked Maury for help in oceanographic studies.
A)the American Navy
B)some early intercontinental travellers
C)those who earned a living from the sea
D)the company which proposed to lay an undersea cable
23.The aim of the voyages Maury was responsible for in the 1840 was _______.
A)to make some sounding experiments in the oceans
B) to collect samples of sea plants and animals
C) to estimate the length of cable that was needed
D) to measure the depths of the two oceans
24. "Defied" in the 5th paragraph probably means "________".
A)doubted
B)gave proof to
C)challenged
D)agreed to
25.This passage is mainly about _______.
A)the beginnings of oceanography
B)the laying of the first undersea cable
C)the investigation of ocean depths
D)the early intercontinental communications
Passage Two
Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage:
Normally a student must attend a certain number of courses in order to graduate, and each course which he attends gives him a credit which he may count towards a degree, In many American universities the total work for a degree consists of thirty-six courses each lasting for one semester. A typical course consists of three classes per week for fifteen weeks; while attending a university a student will probably attend four or five courses during each semester. Normally a student . would expect to take four years attending two semesters each year. It is possible to spread the period of work for the degree over a longer period. It is also possible for a student to move between one university and another during his degree course, though this is not in fact done as a regular practice.
For very course that the follows a students is given a grade, which is recorded, and the record is available for the student to show to prospective employers. All this imposes a constant pressure and strain of work , but in spite of this some students still find time for great activity in student affairs. Elections to positions in student organisations arouse much enthusiasm. The effective work of maintaining discipline is usually performed by students who advise the academic authorities. Any student who is thought to have broken the rules, for example, by cheating his to appear before a student court, With the enormous numbers of students, the operation of the system does involve a certain amount of activity. A student who has held one of these positions of authority is much respected and it will be of benefit to him later in his career.
26. Normally a student would at least attend ______ classes each week.
A)36
B)12
C)20
D)15
27. According to the first paragraph an American student is allowed ______.
A) to live in a different university
B) to take a particular course in a different university
C) to live a home and drive to classes.
D) to get two degrees from two different universities
28. America university students are usually under pressure of work because ______.
A)their academic performance will affect their future careers
B)they are heavily involved in student affairs
C)they have to observe university discipline
D)they want to run for positions of authority
29. Some students are enthusiastic for positions in student organisations probably because ______.
A)they hate the constant pressure and strain of their study
B)they will then be able to stay longer in the university
C)such positions help them get better jobs
D)such positions are usually well paid
30 The student organisations seem to be effective in ________.
A)dealing with the academic affairs of the university
B)ensuring that the students observe university regulations
C)evaluating students' performance by bringing them before a court
D)keeping up the students' enthusiasm for social activities
Passage Three
Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage:
Do you find getting up in the morning so difficult that it's painful ? This might be called laziness, but Dr. Kleitman has a new explanation. He has proved that everyone has a daily energy cycle.
During the hours when you labour through your work you may say that you're "hot". That's true. The time of day when you feel most energetic is when your cycle of bady temperature is at its peak . For some people the peak comes during the forenoon. For others it comes in the afternoon or evening No one has discovered why this is so , but it leads to such familiar monologues as : "Get up, John! You'll be late for work again !" The possible explanation to the trouble is that John is at his temperature-and -energy peak in the evening. Much family quarrelling ends when husbands and wives realize what these energy cycles mean, and which cycle each member of the family has.
You can't change your energy cycle, but you can learn to make your life fit it better. Habit can help, Dr. Kleitman believes . Maybe you're sleepy in the evening but feel you must stay up late anyway . Counteract your cycle to some extent by habitually staying up later than you want to .If your energy is low in the morning but you have an important job to do early in the day, rise before your usual hour. This won't change your cycle, but you'll get up steam and work better at your low point.
Get off to a slow start which saves your energy. Get up with a leisurely yawn and stretch . Sit on the edge of the bed a minute before putting your feet on the floor . Avoid the troublesome search for clean clothes by laying them out the night before. Whenever possible, do routine work in the afternoon and save tasks requiring more energy or concentration for your sharper hours.
31. If a person finds getting up early a problem , most probably _______.
A)he is a lazy person
B)he refuses to follow his own energy cycle
C)he is not sure when his energy is low
D)he is at his peak in the afternoon or evening
32. Which of the following may lead to family quarrels according to the passage?
A) Unawareness of energy cycles.
B) Familiar monologues.
C) A change in a family member's energy cycle.
D) Attempts to control the energy cycle of other family members.
33.If one wants to work more efficiently at his how point in the morning, he should _____.
A)change his energy cycle
B)overcome his laziness
C)get up earlier than usual
D)go to bed earlier
34. You are advised to rise with a yawn and stretch because it will _____.
A)help to keep your energy for the day's work
B)help you to control your temper early in the day
C)enable you to concentrate on your routine work
D)keep your energy cycle under control all day
35. Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE?
A)Getting off to work with a minimum effort helps save one's energy.
B)Dr. Kleitman explains why people reach their peaks at different hours of day.
C)Habit helps a person adapt to his own energy cycle.
D)Children have energy cycles, too.
Passage Four
Questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage:
We find that bright children are rarely held back by mixed-ability teaching. On the contrary, both their knowledge and experience are enriched. We feel that there are many disadvantages in streaming pupils. It does not take into account the fact that children develop at different rates. It can have a bad effect on both the bright and the not-so-bright child. After all, it can be quite discouraging to be at the bottom of the top grade!
Besides, it is rather unreal to grade people just according to their intellectual ability. This is only one aspect of their total personality. We are concerned to develop the abilities of all our pupils to the full, not just their academic ability. We also value personal qualities and social skills, and we find that mixed-ability teaching contributes to all these aspects of learning.
In our classrooms, we work in various ways. The pupils often work in groups: this gives them the opportunity to learn to co-operate, to share, and to develop leadership skills. They also learn how to cope with personal problems as well as learning how to think, to make decisions, to analyse and evaluate, and to communicate effectively. The pupils learn from each other as well as from the teacher.
Sometimes the pupils work in pairs; sometimes they work on individual tasks and assignments, and they can do this at their own speed. They also have some formal class teaching when this is appropriate. We encourage our pupils to use the library , and we teach them the skills they need in order to do this efficiently . An advanced pupil can do advanced work: it does not matter what age the child is . We expect our pupils to do their best, not their least , and we give them every encouragement to attain this goal.
36. In the passage the author's attitude towards "mixed-ability teaching" is _______.
A)critical
B)questioning
C)approving
D)objective
37. By "held back" (Line 1) the author means "____________".
A)made to remain in the same classes
B)forced to study in the lower classes
C)drawn to their studies
D)prevented from advancing
38. The author argues that a teacher's chief concern should be the development of the student's _______.
A)personal qualities and social skills
B)total personality
C)learning ability and communicative skills
D)intellectual ability
39. Which of the following is NOT MENTIONED in the third paragraph ?
A)Group work gives pupils the opportunity to learn to work together with others.
B)Pupils also learn to develop their reasoning abilities.
C)Group work provides pupils with the opportunity to learn to be capable organizers.
D)Pupils also learn how to participate in teaching activities.
40. The author's purpose in writing this passage is to _________.
A)argue for teaching bright and not-so0bright pupils in the same class
B)recommend pair work and group work for classroom activities
C)offer advice on the proper use of the library
D)emphasize the importance of appropriate formal classroom teaching
Part III Vocabulary and Structure (20 minutes)
Directions: There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four
choices marked A), B), C) and D). Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Then
mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.
41. The bridge was named ______ the hero how gave his life for the cause of the people.
A)after
B)with
C)by
D)from
42.There were no tickets _______ for Friday's performance.
A)preferable
B)considerable
C)possible
D)available
43.It wasn't such a good dinner ______ she had promised us.
A)that
B)which
C)as
D)what
44. They decided to chase the cow away ______ it did more damage.
A)unless
B)until
C)before
D)what
45. ________ student with a little common sense should be able to answer the question.
A)Each
B)Any
C)Either
D)One
46.All _______ is a continuous supply of the basic necessities of life.
A)what is needed
B)for our needs
C)the thing needed
D) that is needed
47._______ with the size of the whole earth , the highest mountain does not seem high at all.
A)When compared
B)Compare
C)While comparing
D)Comparing
48._______ she first heard of the man referred to as a specialist.
A)That was from Stephen
B)It was Stephen whom
C)While comparing
D)It was Stephen that
49.If these shoes are too big , ask the clerk to bring you a smaller _________.
A)suit
B)set
C)one
D)pair
50. Many new ______ will be opened up in the future for those with a university education.
A)opportunities
B)necessities
C)realities
D)probabilities
51. He must have had an accident, or he _______ then.
A)would have been here
B)had to be here
C)should be here
D)would be here
52. It was essential that the application forms _______ back before the deadline.
A)must be sent
B)would be sent
C)be sent
D)were sent
53.We _______ our breakfast when an old man came to the door.
A)just have had
B)have just had
C)just had
D)had just had
54.The rain was heavy and _______ the land was flooded.
A)consequently
B)continuously
C)constantly
D)consistently
55.The children went there to watch the iron tower ______.
A)to erect
B)be erected
C)erecting
D)being erected
56.The engine ______ smoke and steam.
A)gives up
B)gives in
C)gives away
D)gives off
57. The manager promised to keep me ______ of how our business was going on .
A)to be informed
B)on informing
C)informed
D)informing
58. Don't ________ this news to the public until we give you the go-ahead.
A)release
B)relieve
C)relate
D)retain
59. She never laughed, ______ lose her temper
A)or she ever did
B)nor did she ever
C)or did she ever
D)nor the ever did
60.The goals ________ he had fought all his life no longer seemed important to him .
A)after which
B)for which
C)with which
D)at which
61. I should like to rent a house, modern , comfortable and _____ in a quiet neighbourhood.
A)all in all
B)above all
C)after all
D)over all
62. _________ we have finished the course , we shall start doing more revision work.
A)For now
B)Now that
C)Ever since
D)By now
63.What you have done is ______ the doctor's orders.
A)attached to
B)responsible to
C)resistant to
D)contrary to
64. John regretted _______ to the meeting last week.
A)not going
B)not to go
C)not having been going
D)not to be going
65. They _____ in spite of the extremely difficult conditions.
A)carried out
B)carried of
C)carried on
D)carried forward
66. Mrs.Brown is supposed ______ for Italy last week.
A)to have left
B)to be leaving
C)to leave
D)to have been left
67. My camera can be _____ to take pictures in cloudy or sunny conditions .
A)treated
B)adjusted
C)adopted
D)remedied
68. A new technique ______ , the yields as a whole increased by 20 per cent.
A)working out
B) having worked out
C)having been worked out
D)to have been worked out
69. Children who are over-protected by their parents may become_____
A)hurt
B)damaged
C)spoiled
D)harmed
70. When Mr. Jones gets old, he will______ over his business to his son.
A)take
B)hand
C)think
D)get
Part IV Cloze (15 minutes)
Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four
choices marked A), B) , C) and D) on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE
that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with
a single line through the centre.
The United States is well-known for its network of major highways designed to help a driver get from one place to another in the shortest possible time. _____ 71 these wide modern Roads are generally _____72 sharp curves and many straight _______74, a direct route is not always the most _____75 one. Large highways often pass _____76 scenic areas and interesting small towns. Furthermore , these highways generally ______77 large urban centres which means that they become crowded with ______78 traffic during rush hours, _______79 the "fast direct" vay becomes a very slow route.
However, there is _______80 always another route to take ______ 81 you are not in a hurry. Not far from the ______82 new "superhighways", there are often older, ______83 heavily travelled roads which go through the countryside.______84 of these are good two-lane roads; others are uneven roads______85 through the country. These secondary routes may go up steep slopes, along high ______86 ,or down frightening hillsides to towns ________87 in deep valleys . Through these less direct routes, longer and slower, they generally go to places _______88 the air is clean and the scenery is beautiful , and the driver may have a _______89 to get a fresh , clean ______90 of the world.
71.
A)Although
B)Since
C)Because
D)Therefore
72.
A)stable
B)smooth
C)splendid
D)complicated
73.
A)little
B)few
C)much
D)many
74.
A)selections
B)separations
C)series
D)sections
75.
A)terrible
B)possible
C)enjoyable
D)profitable
76.
A)to
B)into
C)over
D)by
77.
A)lead
B)connect
C)collect
D)communicate
78.
A)large
B)fast
C)light
D)heavy
79.
A)when
B)for
C)but
D)that
80.
A)yet
B)still
C)almost
D)quite
81.
A)unless
B)if
C)as
D)since
82.
A)relatively
B)regularly
C)respectively
D)reasonably
83.
A)and
B)less
C)more
D)or
84.
A)All
B)Several
C)Lots
D)Some
85.
A)driving
B)crossing
C)curving
D)travelling
86.
A)rocks
B)cliffs
C)roads
D)paths
87.
A)lying
B)laying
C)laid
D)lied
88.
A)there
B)when
C)which
D)where
89.
A)space
B)period
C)chance
D)spot
90.
A)view
B)variety
C)visit
D) virtue
关键字:四级真题 |
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