音标-专门替中国人写的英语语法书!

11. 这是谁的狗？
【练习二十七】
填空
1. did you go last night?
2. book do you like?
3. is your brother?
4. is his name?
5. wrote this letter?
6. did you give this book to?
7. gave you this book?
8. car is this?
9. dog is this?
10. movie did you see?
11. can speak English?
12. did you speak to?
13. kind of car is this?
14. fruit do you like most?
15. does not swim?

第八章被动语气(Passive Voice)
8§1 及物动词和不及物动词
任何一个英文句子必定有一个动词，请先注意以下例句的动词
1. He was a teacher before.
2. He went to school yesterday.
3. He hit a dog.
4. I saw you yesterday.
5. He walks to school every day.
6. He sent this book to me.
7. They are good students.
8. He wrote two novels.
9. They ate all of the apples.
10. He swims every morning.
在以上的例子中，第3、4、6、8及9句子中的动词都是及物动词（transitive verbs）。这些动词后面都跟着一个名词，而这个名词是动词的受词（object），其它句子的动词，都是不及物动词，因为他们都没有任何受词。
我们将以上句子中，主词、及物动词和受词的关系分析如下：
句子主词及物动词受词
He hit a dog. He hit dog
I saw you yesterday. I saw you
He sent his book to me. He sent his book
He wrote two novels. He wrote two novels
They ate all of the apples. They ate all of the apples
一旦动词是及物动词，我们就可以将这个句子由原来的主动语气（active voice）改成被动语气（passive voice）。但我们也要警告读者，不要轻易用被动语气，因为有时被动语气的句子是不自然的。
8§2 没有助动词的被动语气
在这以前，我们的句子都是主动语气，这种句子的基本形式如下：
主词＋动词＋受词
所谓的被动语气，乃是将原来的受词变成主词。举例来说，主动语气中，我们说〝我看到一些狗〞，在被动语气中，我们说〝一些狗被我看到〞。在英文中，将主动语气改成被动语气，必须做以下的动作：
（1）原有受词变成名词
（2）动词变成verb to be＋过去分词（past participle）
（3）原有主词变成在动词后面，但前面加by。
举例来说，主动语气的句子可以是
I saw a cat.
被动语气就成了
A cat was seen by me.
最重要的是，verb to be的时式必须和原句子的相同，以上的例子中，动词是过去式，所以verb to be也是过去式。除此以外，verb to be也要配合新的主词。请看以下的例子：
I saw two cats.
改成被动语气以后，句子是：
Two cats were seen by me.

专门替中国人写的英语语法书!

作者:龙为行客 阅读次数:6843

作者:龙为行客阅读次数:6843