古今名人总结的读书方法很多。我最欣赏的是欧阳修的“读书三上法”和董遇的“读书三余法”。所谓“三上”就是指马上,枕上,厕上;所谓“三余”,是指“冬者,岁之余也;夜者,日之余也;雨者,月之余也”。这两种方法劝告人们读书要善于利用零星时间,做到时时可读书,处处能读书,使读书完全生活化。想想看,假如我们能用“三上法”和“三余法”来学外语,还能学不好吗?
“三上法”中的马上(on the horse),是指在行进中也不忘读书。我们也可以做到无论走着站着都想英语、学英语、用英语。如:看到一则公益广告“吸烟有害健康”,你就可以在心里把它译成“Smoking will do you harm.”;走在路上看到两个人正在交谈,你就可以用英语问自己:“What are they talking about?”;在街上碰到两个小孩在踢足球,你就会想:“Two boys are playing football in the street.”枕上(in the sleep),就是你在睡觉时,也可以用英语想:“What have I done today?”,“How many new words have I learned?”厕上(in the rest room),也就是上厕所也不忘学英语。这时,你可以想,英语中,“厕所”一词有几种表达法?于是你就想到以下几种表达法:①toilet;②rest room;③WC:men's room,women's room;④lavatory;⑤wash- room等等。
所谓“三余”概括起来就是如何利用一切零星时间来读书。我们学外语如果能把一切可以利用的零星时间都利用起来,同样可以学到很多东西。具体做法就是,把要记的短语和句子抄在小纸条上,随身携带,利用茶余饭后、等人、等车、散步等零星时间来记,反复默念或朗读。纸条的内容可以多种多样。
如果你想把阅读中碰到的一些新词汇或有意义的句子记下来,如:
He has firmly established himself as a world-famous psychologist.
他已经牢牢地确立了自己作为一名世界知名的心理学家的地位。
为了更好地掌握该句中的短语establish oneself as...(使自己成为……),就可以举一些相似的例子,如:
①She has firmly established herself as a famous writer.
②She has firmly established herself as the richest lady in this country.
又如be kept busy with这个常用短语,可以通过这样一些句子来记。如:
①Mary is kept quite busy with the large restaurant she is managing.
②She has been kept busy with all her business relations.
另外,如果你想记住某些常用短语的用法,就可以将它们记在一张纸上,利用零星时间来记。如由up一词构成的短语:look up a word(查词典);call sb. up(打电话);pick up sth.(收起来放一边);put up with sb.(容忍);catch up with sb.(赶上)等等。
另外也可以抄一些看书时碰到的精彩句子。
Nothing is impossible to a willing heart.
心之所愿,无事不成。
Youth is not a time of life; it is a state of mind; it is not a matter of rosy cheeks, red lips and supple knees; it is a matter of the will, a quality of the imagination, vigor of the emotions; it is the freshness of the deep springs of life.
青春不是生命的一个阶段,它是一种精神状态;青春亦非粉面红唇和冰肌柔骨,它是刚强的意志,优秀的创造力和充满活力的情感;它是使生命之泉源远流长的常青树。