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实用英语写作技巧之第十单元 推展段落方法之三——描述法
作者:abscottlee 阅读次数:6255
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[color=red][size=3][b]10[/b][b][font=宋体]．[/font]1[/b][b][font=宋体]描述法[/font][/b][/size][/color]
[color=red][size=3][font=宋体]叙述讲述发生了什么事情，描述（[/font]description[font=宋体]）则向读者描绘某事物的样子、声音、味道等等。作者可以通过外表、行动或变化用语言描绘一个人，一个物体，一个地方或一个场面。[/font][/size][/color]
[color=red][size=3][font=宋体]示范段落[/font]10[font=宋体]－[/font]1[/size][/color]
[color=red][size=3]A tsunami is a great wave or series of waves[font=宋体]．[/font]It extends from the surface to the sea floor and moves the entire vertical section of ocean through which it speeds[font=宋体]．[/font]The greater the ocean depth[font=宋体]，[/font]the faster the tsunami travels[font=宋体]．[/font]Speeds of up to 600 mph have been reached[font=宋体]．[/font]Toward land it slows down as the bottom of the wave drags on the seabed[font=宋体]；[/font]its crest rises from fifty to a hundred feet or more[font=宋体]．[/font][/size][/color]
[color=red][size=3][b]10[/b][b][font=宋体]．[/font]2[/b][b][font=宋体]示范段落分析[/font][/b][/size][/color]
[color=red][size=3][font=宋体]主题句：[/font]A tsunami is a great wave or series of waves[font=宋体]．[/font][/size][/color]
[color=red][size=3][font=宋体]细节[/font]1[font=宋体]：[/font]extention[/size][/color]
[color=red][size=3][font=宋体]细节[/font]2[font=宋体]：[/font]speed[font=宋体]（[/font]statistics used[font=宋体]）[/font][/size][/color]
[color=red][size=3][font=宋体]细节[/font]3[font=宋体]：[/font]height[font=宋体]（[/font]statistics used[font=宋体]）[/font][/size][/color]
[color=red][size=3][font=宋体]在上面段落中，作者用细节（包括数据）描述了海啸的宽度（[/font]extention[font=宋体]）、速度（[/font]speed[font=宋体]）和高度（[/font]height[font=宋体]），从而告诉读者海啸是什么样子。[/font][/size][/color]
[color=red][size=3][font=宋体]示范段落[/font]10[font=宋体]－[/font]2[/size][/color]
[color=red][size=3]The kitchen was in a mess[font=宋体]．[/font][u]Along the left wall[/u] were the counter and sink covered with dirty dishes and garbage[font=宋体]．[/font]On the far wall the washing machine groaned under a load of filthy clothes[font=宋体]．[/font][u]Right next to the door[/u] where I was standing[font=宋体]，[/font]on my right[font=宋体]，[/font]I saw at able cluttered with old newspapers[font=宋体]，[/font]an overturned catsup bottle[font=宋体]，[/font]and a wet[font=宋体]，[/font]half[font=宋体]－[/font]eaten hot dog[font=宋体]．[/font][u]At the far end of the right wall[/u] the refrigerator stood with the door ajar and milk dripping down from the top shelf[font=宋体]．[/font]It was the messiest kitchen I had ever seen[font=宋体]．[/font][/size][/color]
[color=red][size=3][b]10[/b][b][font=宋体]．[/font]3[/b][b][font=宋体]示范段落分析[/font][/b][/size][/color]
[color=red][size=3][font=宋体]主题句：[/font]The kitchen was in a mess[font=宋体]．[/font][/size][/color]
[color=red][size=3][font=宋体]细节[/font]1[font=宋体]：[/font]Along the left wall[font=宋体]—[/font]counter and sink[/size][/color]
[color=red][size=3][font=宋体]细节[/font]2[font=宋体]：[/font]On the far wall[font=宋体]—[/font]washing machine[/size][/color]
[color=red][size=3][font=宋体]细节[/font]3[font=宋体]：[/font]Right next to the door[font=宋体]，[/font]on my right[font=宋体]—[/font]table[/size][/color]
[color=red][size=3][font=宋体]细节[/font]4[font=宋体]：[/font]At the far end of the right wall[font=宋体]—[/font]refrigerator[/size][/color]
[color=red][size=3][font=宋体]结论句：[/font]It was the messiest kitchen I had ever seen[font=宋体]．[/font][/size][/color]
[color=red][size=3][b]10[/b][b][font=宋体]．[/font]4[/b][b][font=宋体]关于如何写描述段落的建议[/font][/b][/size][/color]
[color=red][size=3]1[font=宋体]）主题句给读者一个深刻的印象[/font][/size][/color]
[color=red][size=3][font=宋体]写一段好的描述段落要注意两个方面：首先给读者一个深刻的印象（[/font]a dominant impression[font=宋体]），然后运用充分的细节（[/font]aptdetails[font=宋体]）。这种深刻的印象必须首先吸引读者，因此不要在主题句中用太琐碎的东西冲淡这一印象。[/font][/size][/color]
[size=3][color=red][font=宋体]比较下面两个主题句：[/font][/color][/size]
[color=red][size=3]a[font=宋体]．[/font]The kitchen is in a mess[font=宋体]．[/font][/size][/color]
[color=red][size=3]b[font=宋体]．[/font]The kitchen is a place where the hostess does almost all the housework and as a consequence it is not always attractive and neat[font=宋体]．[/font][/size][/color]
[size=3][color=red][font=宋体]显然，前一句主题句比后一句更吸引读者，因为它能给人以更深刻的印象。[/font][/color][/size]
[color=red][size=3]2[font=宋体]）提供充足的细节[/font][/size][/color]
[color=red][size=3][font=宋体]具体和生动的细节是成功的描述所不可缺少的。在示范段落[/font]10-1[font=宋体]中，作者通过海啸外表的生动细节以及速度和高度的具体数据描述海啸。在示范段落[/font]10[font=宋体]－[/font]2[font=宋体]中，在主题句后，作者提供细节描绘厨房是怎样的乱七八糟。记住不要提供无用的细节使读者失望。[/font][/size][/color]
[color=red][size=3]3[font=宋体]）使用空间顺序法（[/font]space order[font=宋体]）组织段落[/font][/size][/color]
[color=red][size=3][font=宋体]好的描述还在于把一大堆具体的细节按空间顺序组成一个整体（关于空间顺序法见第[/font]12[font=宋体]单元）。在示范段落[/font]10[font=宋体]－[/font]1[font=宋体]，作者按照从表面到海底，从远到近的顺序描绘。在示范段落[/font]10[font=宋体]－[/font]2[font=宋体]中，作者按照从左到右，从近到远的顺序描绘。[/font][/size][/color]
[color=red][size=3]4[font=宋体]）使用有新意的明喻和暗喻[/font][/size][/color]
[color=red][size=3][font=宋体]明喻（[/font]Similes[font=宋体]）和暗喻（[/font]metaphors[font=宋体]）可使描述更加生动。但要尽量避免使用已经用得太滥的比喻。[/font][/size][/color]
[b][size=3][color=red]Exercise 10-1[/color][/size][/b]
[color=red][size=3]Directions[font=宋体]：[/font]Write a paragraph of description[font=宋体]，[/font]describing a student dormitory[font=宋体]．[/font][/size][/color]
[size=3][color=red]________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________[/color][/size]
[size=3][color=red][/color][/size]
[color=red][size=3][b]Exercise 10[/b][b][font=宋体]－[/font]2[/b][/size][/color]
[color=red][size=3]Directions[font=宋体]：[/font]Write a paragraph of desccription[font=宋体]，[/font]describing a natural phenomenon that you are familiar with[font=宋体]．[/font][/size][/color]
[size=3][color=red]________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________[/color][/size]
[size=3][color=red][/color][/size]
[b][size=10.5pt]
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