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    数学部分术语总汇 (2) - 数学物理词汇



    作者:丁海龙 阅读次数:1777


     
     

    集合与简易逻辑
     

    集合(集)                  set
    非负整数集                  the set of all non-negative integers
    自然数集                    the set of all natural numbers
    正整数集                    the set of all positive integers
    整数集                      the set of all integers
    有理数集                    the set of all rational numbers
    实数集                      the set of all real numbers
    元素                        element
    属于                        belong to
    不属于                      not belong to
    有限集                      finite set
    无限集                      infinite set
    空集                        empty set
    包含                        inclusion, include
    包含于                      lie in
    子集                        subset
    真子集                      proper subset
    补集(余集)                complementary set
    全集                        universe
    交集                        intersection
    并集                         union
    偶数集                       the set of all even numbers
    奇数集                       the set of all odd numbers
    含绝对值的不等式             inequality with absolute value
    一元二次不等式               one-variable quadratic inequality
    逻辑                         logic
    逻辑联结词                   logic connective
    或                           or
    且                           and
    非                           not
    真                           true
    假                           false
    真值表                       truth table
    原命题                       original proposition
    逆命题                       converse proposition
    否命题                       negative proposition
    逆否命题                     converse-negative proposition
    充分条件                     sufficient condition
    必要条件                     necessary condition
    充要条件                     sufficient and necessary condition
    ……的充要条件是……         … if and only if …


    函     数

    函数                         function
    自变量                      argument
    定义域                      domain
    值域                        range
    区间                        interval
    闭区间                      closed interval
    开区间                      open interval
    函数的图象                  graph of function
    映射                        mapping
    象                          image
    原象                        inverse image
    单调                        monotone
    增函数                      increasing function
    减函数                      decreasing function
    单调区间                    monotone interval
    反函数                      inverse function
    指数                        exponent
    n次方根                     n th root
    根式                         radical
    根指数                       radical exponent
    被开方数                     radicand
    指数函数                     exponential function
    对数                         logarithm
    常用对数                     common logarithm
    自然对数                     natural logarithm
    对数函数                     logarithmic function
     

    数     列

    数列                         sequence of number
    项                           term
    通项公式                     the formula of general term
    有穷数列                     finite sequence of number
    无穷数列                     infinite sequence of number
    递推公式                     recurrence formula
    等差数列                     arithmetic progression ,
                                 arithmetic series
    公差                         common difference
    等差中项                     arithmetic mean
    等比数列                     geometric progression,
                                 geometric series
    公比                         common ratio
    等比中项                     geometric mean


    三  角  函  数

    三角函数                trigonometric function
    始边                    initial side
    终边                    terminal side
    正角                    positive angle
    负角                    negative angle
    零角                    zero angle
    象限角                  quadrant angle
    弧度                    radian
    弧度制                  radian measure
    角度制                  degree measure
    正弦                    sine
    余弦                    cosine
    正切                    tangent
    余切                    cotangent
    正割                    secant
    余割                    cosecant
    诱导公式                induction formula
    正弦曲线                sine curve
    余弦曲线                cosine curve
    最大值                 maximum
    最小值                 minimum
    周期                   period
    最小正周期             minimal positive period
    周期函数               periodic function
    振幅                   amplitude of vibration
    频率                   frequency
    相位                   phase
    初相                   initial phase
    反正弦                 arc sine
    反余弦                 arc cosine
    反正切                 arc tangent
     

    平  面  向  量

    有向线段               directed line segment
    数量                   scalar quantity
    向量                   vector
    零向量                 zero vector
    相等向量               equal vector
    共线向量               collinear vectors
    平行向量               parallel vectors
    向量的数乘             multiplication of vector by scalar
    单位向量               unit vector
    基底                   base
    基向量                base  vectors
    平移                  translation
    数量积                inner  product
    正弦定理              sine  theorem
    余弦定理              cosine  theorem
     

    不   等   式

    算术平均数                         arithmetic mean
    几何平均数                         geometric mean
    比较法                             method of compare
    综合法                             method of synthesis
    分析法                             method of analysis


    直     线

    倾斜角                             angle of inclination
    斜率                               gradient
    点斜式                             point slope form
    截距                               intercept
    斜截式                             gradient intercept form
    两点式                             two-point form
    一般式                             general form
    夹角                               included angle
    线性规划                           linear programming
    约束条件                           constraint condition
    目标函数                           objective function
    可行域                             feasible region
    最优解                             optimal solution
     

    圆  锥  曲  线

    曲线                               curve
    坐标法                             method of coordinate
    解析几何                           analytic geometry
    笛卡儿                             Descartes
    标准方程                           standard equation
    一般方程                           general equation
    参数方程                           parameter equation
    参数                               parameter
    圆锥曲线                           point conic
    椭圆                               ellipse
    焦点                               focus, focal points
    焦距                               focal length
    长轴                               major axis
    短轴                               minor axis
    离心率                             eccentricity
    双曲线                             hyperbola
    实轴                               real axis
    虚轴                               imaginary axis
    渐近线                             asymptote
    抛物线                             parabola
    准线                               directrix




    关键字:数学物理词汇