(帝王等)统治；朝代，在位时代 reign
佛经 buddhist scriptures
[宗教、政治]教义；原则 doctrine
思想史 intellectual history
...的一个主要的部分 an integral part of...
多灾多难的 calamitous
密教（中国佛教宗派之一） Esotericism
大乘（佛教宗派之一） Mahayana/Greater Vehicle
小乘（佛教宗派之一） Theravada/Hinayana/Lesser Vehicle
土生土长的 indigenous
达赖 Dalai
班禅 Bainqen(Panchen)
达摩 Bodhidharma
法显 Faxian
玄奘 Xuanzang
法，即达摩，支配个人行为的宗教伦理规范 dharma
鉴真 Jianzhen
地产 landed property
废除（法令等），取消 abrogate
支柱，后盾 prop
养生法 regimen
默想；坐禅 meditation
符咒 charm
咒语 spell
苦行的 ascetic
永生 immortality
召唤，号召 summon
白云观 Baiyun Monastery
成吉思汗 Genghis Khan
征募 conscript
工匠，手工业工人 artisan
忽必烈 Kublai Khan
追随者 following
尊重；接受 honor v.
[伊斯兰教、基督教]朝圣 pilgrimage
麦加（伊斯兰教圣地） Mecca
传教士 missionary
[天主教]耶酥会会士 Jesuit
利马窦 Matteo Ricci
礼部尚书 Director of the Board of Rites
历法 calendar-study
教团，修道会 order
使改变宗教或政治信仰、意见等 proselyte
使改变信仰；使皈依；使改信基督教 convert v. n.(皈依者，改变信仰者)
主管教区 diocese
[宗]安魂弥撒 requiem mass
大弥撒（有烧香、奏乐等） high mass
小弥撒（无烧香、奏乐等） low mass
教区；教区的全体居民 parish
教区居民 parishioner
[集合词]教士；牧师（天主教神职人员，新教教职人员的统称） clergy
教士，牧师 clergyman
[集合词]（与教士、僧侣等相对的）俗人 laity
传播福音的 evangelistic
金陵协和神学院 Nanjing Union Theological Seminary
[法]规定；条款 provision
入教仪式 admittance rites
布达拉宫 Potala Palace
人民代表 deputy to the People's Congress
（学术）讨论会、座谈会 symposium
命运、天命 destiny
儒家思想 Confucianism
孝道 filial piety
国教 state religion
教规 canon
公民有信仰宗教的自由和不信仰宗教、宣传无神论的自由。 Citizens enjoy freedom to believe in religion and freedom not to believe in religion and to propagate atheism.
任何国家机关、社会团体和个人，不得强制公民信仰或者不信仰宗教，不得歧视信仰宗教的公民和不信仰宗教的公民。
No state organ, mass organization or individual may compel citizens to believe in, any religion; nor may they discriminate against citizens who believe in, or do not believe in, any religion.
国家保护正常的宗教活动。
The state protects normal religious activities.
任何人不得利用宗教进行破坏社会秩序、损害公民身体健康、妨碍国家教育制度的活动。
Nobody may make use of religion to engage in activities that disrupt public order, impair the health of citizens or interfere with the educational system of the state.
宗教团体和宗教事物不受外国势力的支配。
Religious bodies and religious affairs are not subject to any foreign domination.
宗教信仰 religious belief
宗教信仰自由 freedom of religion
有神论；有神论者 theism; theist
无神论；无神论者 atheism; atheist
泛神论 pantheism
多神论；多神论者 polytheism; polytheist
一神教 monotheism
神学 theology
神学家 theologian
神权统治 thearchy
神权政治 theocracy
僧侣统治；等级制度 hierarchy
偶像 idol
释迦牟尼 Sakyamuni
如来 Tathagata
佛陀 Buddha
菩萨 Bodhisattva; Buddha; Buddhist idol
观音菩萨 the Guanyin Bodhisatta; Avalokitesvara; the Goddess
of Mercy
弥勒 Maitreya
安拉；真主 Allah
上帝 God, the Lord
圣父（三位一体之一者） the Father
圣子（指耶酥，三位一体之一者） the Son (of God)
圣灵（三位一体之一者） the Holy Ghost; the Holy Spirit
耶酥基督 Jesus Christ
天使 angel
魔鬼 devil
撒旦 Satan
天堂 Paradise; Heaven
地狱 hell; inferno
阴曹 hell
圣地（指巴勒斯坦） the Holy Land
圣地（指耶路撒冷、罗马、麦加等地） the Holy City(Jerusalem, Rome, Mecca)
中国佛教协会 Chinese Buddhist Association
中国道教协会 Chinese Taoist Association
中国伊斯兰教协会 Chinese Islamic Association
中国天主教主教团 China Catholic Bishop College
中国天主教爱国委员会 Chinese Patriotic Catholic Association
中国天主教教务委员会 National Administrative Commission of the Chinese Catholic Church
中国天主教神哲学院 Chinese Catholic Academy of Theology and Philosophy
中国基督教三自爱国运动委员会 Chinese National Christian Three-self Patriotic Movement Committee
三自（自治、自养、自传）原则 the principles of self-government, self-support and self-propagation
宗教事务局 Bureau of Religious Affairs
宗教派别 religious sect
佛教 Buddhism
喇嘛教 Lamaism
道教 Taoism
伊斯兰教 Islam
基督教 Christianity
天主教 Catholicism
新/耶酥教 Protestantism
东正教 Orthodox Eastern Church
希腊正教 Greek Orthodox Church
萨满教 Shamanism
宗教仪式 religious rites; ritual
洗礼 baptism
受洗 to receive baptism; to be baptized
忏悔 confession
圣餐 Holy Communion
宗教仪式，礼拜 religious service
做礼拜 to attend religious service; to go to church
做弥撒 to attend Mass
念经 to recite/chant sutras/scriptures
念佛 to chant the name of/to pray to Buddha
烧香 to burn joss-stick(s)(before an idol); to burn incense
主日学（星期日学校） Sunday-school; Sabbath-school
讲道 sermon
传教，传道 to preach; to deliver a sermon
（基督教）传教 to do missionary work
神学院 seminary
庙宇、寺（佛、道教） temple
喇嘛庙 lamasery
清真寺（伊斯兰教） mosque
寺院，修道院 monastery
庵 Buddhist nunnery
（女）修道院 convent, nunnery
教堂（基督教） church
大教堂（天主教） cathedral
神殿（祠） shrine
祭/圣坛；圣餐台 altar
圣经（基督教） the Bible
佛经（统称） Buddhist scriptures
可兰经（伊斯兰教） the Koran
信徒 believer; follower
基督教徒 Christian
天主教徒 Catholic
新/耶酥教徒 Protestant
佛教徒 Buddhist
穆斯林 Muslim; Moslem
拜物教；拜物教徒 fetishism; fetishist
和尚 Buddhist monk
喇嘛 lama
活佛 Living Buddha
尼姑 buddhist nun
道士 Taoist priest
道姑 Taoist nun
阿訇 ahung, imam
教士、牧师 clergyman
教皇 Pope/the Holy Father
红衣主教 cardinal
大主教 archbishop
主教 bishop
神父/神甫（天主教） priest
修女（天主教） nun
牧师（新教） pastor, minister

经济

国民生产总值 GNP (Gross National Product)
人均国民生产总值 per capita GNP
产值 output value
鼓励 give incentive to
投入 input
宏观控制 exercise macro-control
优化经济结构 optimize the economic structure
输入活力 bring vigor into
改善经济环境 improve economic environment
整顿经济秩序 rectify economic order
有效地控制通货膨胀 effectively control inflation
非公有成分 non-public sectors
主要成分 dominant sector
实在的 tangible
全体会议 plenary session
解放生产力 liberate/unshackle/release the productive forces
引入歧途 lead one to a blind alley
举措 move
实事求是 seek truth from facts
引进、输入 importation
和平演变 peaceful evolution
试一下 have a go (at sth.)
精华、精粹、实质 quintessence
家庭联产责任承包制 family-contract responsibility system
搞活企业 invigorate enterprises
商品经济 commodity economy
基石 cornerstone
零售 retail
发电量 electric energy production
有色金属 nonferrous metals
人均收入 per capita income
使负担 be saddled with
营业发达的公司 going concerns
被兼并或挤掉 annexed or forced out of business
善于接受的 receptive
增额、增值、增长 increment
发展过快 excessive growth
抽样调查 data from the sample survey
扣除物价上涨部分 price increase are deducted(excluded)
实际增长率 actual growth rate
国际收支 international balance of payments
流通制度 circulation system
总工资 total wages
分配形式 forms of distribution
风险资金 risk funds
管理不善 poor management
一个中心、两个基本点one central task and two basic points
以经济建设为中心，坚持四项基本原则（1）社会主义道路（2）党的领导（3）人民民主专政（4）马列主义**思想、坚持改革开放
the central task refers to economic construction and two basic points are the four cardinal principles - adherence to the socialist road, to Communist Party leadership, to the people's democratic dictatorship and to Marxism-Leninism and Mao Zedong Thought - and persisting in reform and opening.
改革是"社会主义制度的自我完善和自我发展"。
Reform is "the self-perfection and self-development of the socialist system."
我们辨别的标准是看这样做是否有利于发展社会主义的生产力，是否有利于增强社会主义国家的综合国力，是否有利于提高人民的生活水平。
The criterion for our judgement is whether the move facilitates the development of socialist productive forces, whether it helps increase the overall national strength of a socialist country, and whether it brings about better living standards.
社会主义的最终目标是解放生产力，消灭剥削，消除贫富两极分化，最终达到共同富裕。
The main goals of socialism are the liberation and development of productive forces, the elimination of exploitation and polarization between the rich and the poor and the final achievement of common prosperity.
要人们警惕右和"左"的影响，特别是"左"的根深蒂固的影响。
to warn people of the influence of both the Right and the "Left" deviations, particularly of the deep-rooted "Left" influence.
中国要警惕右，但更要防"左"。
China needs to be vigilant against the Right deviation, but primarily, it should guard against the "Left" deviation.
资本主义和社会主义并不是以计划经济和市场的多少来划分的。
Socialism and capitalism are not distinguished by the proportion of planned and market economy.
随着改革的深化，国家指令性计划的范围将会缩小，而市场调节的范围将会扩大。
As the reform further develops, the scope for mandatory state plans will be narrowed, while the scope for market forces will be enlarged.
初步建立社会主义计划商品经济新体制。
to establish at a preliminary level a new system of socialist planned commodity economy.
各尽所能，按劳/需分配。
from each according to his ability, to each according to his work/needs.
经济结构改革。
reform in economic structure
剩余劳动力。
surplus labor
经营机制
operative mechanism
发挥市场的调节作用
to give play to the regulatory role of the market
经济和法律的杠杆
economic and legal leverages
经济计划和市场调节相结合
to combine economic planning with market regulation
计划经济和市场调节相结合的机制
a mechanism that combines planned economy and market regulation
取消国家对农产品的统购统销
to cancel the state's monopoly on the purchase and marketing of agricultural products
改革重点转移到城市
the focus of reform is shifted to the cities
国家的根本任务是，集中力量进行社会主义现代化建设
The basic task of the nation is to concentrate its efforts on socialist modernization.
逐步实现工业、农业、国防和科学技术的现代化，把我国建设成为富强、民主、文明的社会主义国家。
to modernize the country's industry, agriculture, national defence and science and technology step by step to turn China into a strong and prosperous socialist country with a high level of culture and democracy.
社会主义经济制度的基础是生产资料的社会主义公有制，即全民所有制和劳动群众集体所有制。
The basis of the socialist economic system is socialist public ownership of the means of production, namely, ownership by the whole people and collective ownership by the working people.
国有经济，即社会主义全民所有制经济，是国民经济中的主导力量。
The state economy is the sector of socialist economy under ownership by the whole people; it is the leading force in the national economy.
国家保障国有经济的巩固和发展。
The state ensures the consolidation and growth of the state economy.
农业 farming
林业 forestry
畜牧业 animal husbandry
副业 sideline production
渔业 fishing
第一产业 primary industry
第二产业 secondary industry
第三产业 tertiary industry
生产资料 means of production
生活资料 means of livelihood/subsistence
生产关系 relations of production
生产力 productive forces
公有制 public ownership
私有制 private ownership
全民所有制 ownership by the entire/whole people
社会主义集体所有制 socialist collective ownership
厉行节约，反对浪费 to practice strict economy and combat waste
外资企业 foreign-funded enterprise
合资企业 joint venture
合作企业 cooperative enterprise
独资企业 wholly foreign owned/funded enterprise

体育

竞技性运动competitive sport
用粉笔记下（分数等）；达到，得到 chalk up
出名 make one's mark
体育项目（尤指重要比赛） event
体育 PE (Physical Education)
体格、体质 physique
培训 groom
余的，带零头的 odd
年少者 junior
残疾人 the handicapped/disabled
学龄前儿童 preschool
全体；普通；一般 at large
平均寿命 life expectancy
复兴 revitalize
使有系统；整理 systemize
历史悠久的 time-honored
跳板 spring-board
秋千 swing
石弓，弩 crossbow
（比赛等的）观众 spectator
取得进展 make headway
体育大国/强国 sporting/sports power
与...有关系，加入 be affiliated to/with
落后 lag behind
武术 martial arts
五禽戏 five-animal exercises
体育运动 physical culture and sports
增强体质 to strengthen one's physique
可喜的，令人满意的 gratifying
称号，绰号 label
涌现出来 to come to the fore
源源不断 a steady flow of
队伍 contingent
又红又专/思想好，业务精 to be both socialist-minded and vocationally proficient
体育界 sports circle(s)
承担义务 to undertake obligation
黑马 dark horse
冷门 an unexpected winner; dark horse
爆冷门 to produce an unexpected winner
发展体育运动，增强人民体质 Promote physical culture and build up the people's health
锻炼身体，保卫祖国 Build up a good physique to defend the country
为祖国争光 to win honors for the motherland
胜不骄，败不馁
Do not become cocky/be dizzy with success, nor downcast over/discouraged by defeat.
体育道德 sportsmanship
打出水平，打出风格 up to one's best level in skill and style of play
竞技状态好 in good form
失常 to lose one's usual form
比分领先 to outscore
打成平局 to draw/to tie/to play even/to level the score
失利 to lose
中华人民共和国运动委员会（国家体委）
Physical Culture and Sports Commission of the PRC (State Physical Culture and Sports Commission)
中华全国体育总会 All-China Sports Federation
国际奥林匹克委员会 International Olympic Committee
少年业余体育学校 youth spare-time sports school, youth amateur athletic school
辅导站 coaching center
体育中心 sports center/complex
竞赛信息中心 competition information center
运动会 sports meet; athletic meeting; games
全国运动会 National Games
世界大学生运动会 World University Games; Universiade
比赛地点 competition/sports venue(s)
国际比赛 international tournament
邀请赛 invitational/invitational tournament
锦标赛 championship
东道国 host country/nation
体育场 stadium; sports field/ground
体育馆 gymnasium, gym; indoor stadium
比赛场馆 competition gymnasiums and stadiums
练习场馆 training gymnasiums
操场 playground; sports ground; drill ground
体育活动 sports/sporting activities
体育锻炼 physical training
体育锻炼标准 standard for physical training
体育疗法 physical exercise therapy; sports therapy
广播操 setting-up exercises to music
课/工间操 physical exercises during breaks
体育工作者 physical culture workers, sports organizer
运动爱好者 sports fan/enthusiast
观众 spectator
啦啦队 cheering-section
啦啦队长 cheer-leader
国家队 national team
种子队 seeded team
主队 home team
客队 visiting team
教练员 coach
裁判员 referee, umpire
裁判长 chief referee
团体项目 team event
单项 individual event
男子项目 men's event
女子项目 women's event
冠军 champion; gold medalist
全能冠军 all-round champion
亚军 running-up; second; silver medalist
第三名 third; bronze medalist
世界纪录保持者 world-record holder
运动员 athlete; sportsman
种子选手 seeded player; seed
优秀选手 top-ranking/topnotch athlete
田径运动 track and field; athletics
田赛 field events
竞赛 track events
跳高 high jump
撑杆跳高 pole jump; polevault
跳远 long/broad jump
**跳远 hop, step and jump; triple jump
标枪 javelin throw
铅球 shot put
铁饼 discus throw
链球 hammer throw
马拉松赛跑 Marathon (race)
接力 relay race; relay
跨栏比赛 hurdles; hurdle race
竞走 walking; walking race
体操 gymnastics
自由体操 floor/free exercises
技巧运动 acrobatic gymnastics
垫上运动 mat exercises
单杠 horizontal bar
双杠 parallel bars
高低杠 uneven bars; high-low bars
吊环 rings
跳马 vaulting horse
鞍马 pommel horse
平衡木 balance beam
球类运动 ball games
足球 football; soccer
足球场 field; pitch
篮球 basketball
篮球场 basketball court
排球 volleyball
乒乓球 table tennis; ping pong
乒乓球拍 racket; bat
羽毛球运动 badminton
羽毛球 shuttlecock; shuttle
球拍 racket
网球 tennis
棒球 baseball
垒球 softball
棒/垒球场 baseball(soft ball)field/ground
手球 handball
手球场 handball field
曲棍球 hockey; field hockey
冰上运动 ice sports
冰球运动 ice hockey
冰球场 rink
冰球 puck; rubber
速度滑冰 speed skating
花样滑冰 figure skating
冰场 skating rink; ice rink
人工冰场 artificial ice stadium
滑雪 skiing
速度滑雪 cross country ski racing
高山滑雪 alpine skiing
水上运动 water/acquatic sports
水上运动中心 aquatic sports center
水球（运动）water polo
水球场 playing pool
滑水 water-skiing
冲浪 surfing
游泳 swimming
游泳池 swimming pool
游泳馆 natatorium
自由泳 freestyle; crawl (stroke)
蛙泳 breaststroke
侧泳 sidestroke
蝶泳 butterfly (stroke)
海豚式 dolphin stroke/kick
蹼泳 fin swimming
跳水 diving
跳台跳水 platform diving
跳板跳水 springboard diving
赛艇运动 rowing
滑艇/皮艇 canoeing
帆船运动 yachting; sailing
赛龙船 dragon-boat racing
室内运动 indoor sports
举重 weightlifting
重量级 heavyweight
中量级 middleweight
轻量级 lightweight
拳击 boxing
摔交 wresting
击剑 fencing
射击 shooting
靶场 shooting range
射箭 archery
拳术 quanshu; barehanded exercise; Chinese boxing
气功 qigong; breathing exercises
自行车运动 cycling; cycle racing
赛车场（自行车等的）倾斜赛车场 cycling track
室内自行车赛场 indoor velodrome
摩托运动 motorcycling
登山运动 mountaineering; mountain-climbing
骑术 horsemanship
赛马场 equestrian park
国际象棋 (international) chess
特级大师 grandmaster
象棋 xiangqi; Chinese chess
围棋 weiqi; go
航空模型 aeromodel; model aeroplane
航海模型 marine modelling; model ship
跳伞 parachuting
定点跳伞 accuracy jump; precision landing
无线电定向 radio direction finding
造型跳伞 relative work
滑翔运动 gliding; sailplaning
技巧 sports acrobatics
拔河 tug-of-war
毽子 shuttlecock
踢毽子 shuttlecock kicking
毽秋 jianqiu; shuttlecock playing

教育

基本框架 basic framework
办学效益 efficiency in school management
协调发展 doordinated and balanced program of development
教育投入 input in education
优化教师队伍 optimize the teaching staff
实行分区规划 practice regional planning
社会参与 communal participation
新增劳动力 incoming labor force
职前教育 pre-service education
岗位培训 undergo job-specific training
提高......的思想品德 enhance the moral awareness of ...
职业道德 professional ethics
重点学科 key disciplinary areas or priority fields of study
（大学）专科 Major Types of Education in China short 2- to 3- year higher education programs
扫盲班 literacy class
注册人数 enrollment
年龄段（层）age bracket
反复灌输 inculcate
希望工程 Project Hope
学龄儿童 school-ager
人才枯竭 exhaustion of human resources
辍/失学青少年 school dropout/leaver
基金会 foundation
服务性行业 service trade
在职培训 on-the-job/in-service training
国际劳工组织 International Labor Organization
基础科学 the fundamentals
学分制 the credit system
三学期制 the trimester system
双学士制 a double BA degree system
主副修制 a system of a major field of specialization plus a minor field
教学、科研、生产的"三结合" "3-in-1 combination" involving teaching,research, and production
三结合联合体 tripartite complex
定向招生 students are admitted to be trained for pre-determined employers
包分配 guarantee job assignments
燎原计划 the Prairie Fire Program
示范试点 demonstration pilot project
结合、使加入 incorporate
动员 mobilize
税收 tax revenue
多学科的 multi-disciplinary
重点大学 key university
授予（学士）confer
被授权 be authorized to do
博士后科研流动站 center for post-doctoral studies
专业 speciality
爱国人士 patriotic personage
国家发明奖 National Invention Prize
国家自然科学奖 National Prize for Natural Sciences
国家科技进步奖 National Prize for Progress in Science and
Technology
学术报告会，专题讨论会 symposium
记者招待会 press conference
国家教委主任 Chairman of the State Education Commission
国家统计局 the State Statistical Bureau
国家教育经费 national expenditure on education
财政拨款 financial allocation
半文盲 semiliterate; functional illiterate
占百分比 account for ...%
专任教师 full-time teacher
资料中心 data center
国际文化交流 intercultural communication
教育方针 guideline(s)/guiding principle(s) for education
教育必须为社会主义现代化服务，必须同生产劳动相结合，培养德智体全面发展的建设者和接班人。
Education must serve the needs of socialist modernization, be integrated with productive labor, and train builders and successors who are well developed morally, intellectuall and physically.
适应社会主义现代化建设需要，面向二十一世纪，具有中国特色的社会主义教育体系。
a socialist education system with distince Chinese characteristics that meets the needs of socialist modernization and is oriented to the 21st century
坚持社会主义方向
to keep to the socialist orientation
身体好，学习好，工作好。Keep fit, study hard and work well.
德才兼备 to combine ability with character; equal stress on integrity and ability
成为有理想，有道德，有文化，守纪律的劳动者 to become working people with lofty ideals, moral integrity, education and a sense of discipline
教育要面向现代化，面向世界，面向未来
Gear educaiton to the needs of modernization, the world and the future
爱国主义教育 education in patrotisem
国际主义教育 education in internationalism
集体主义教育 education in collectivism
共产主义教育 education in communism
共产主义道德品质 communist ethics
政治思想教育 political and ideological education
五爱（爱祖国、爱人民、爱劳动、爱科学、爱护公物）
"Five Love": love the motherland, the people, labor, and science and take good care of public property.
教书育人 to educate the person as well as impart book knowledge
培养独立分析问题和解决问题的能力
to cultivate the ability to analyze and solve concrete problems independently
启发学生独立思考的能力
to help develop the ability of the students to think things out for themselves
培养学生自学能力
to foster the students' ability to study on their own
发挥学生主动性、创造性 to give scope to the students' initiative and creativeness
自学成才 to become educated through independent study
启发式 elicitation method (of teaching); heuristic method
填鸭式教学法 cramming/forced-feeding method of teaching
普及教育 universal education
义务教育 compulsory education; free education
学前教育 preschool education
初等教育 elementary education
中等教育 secondary education
高等教育 higher/tertiary education
普遍教育 general education
成人教育 adult education
职业技术教育 vocational and technical education
国家教育委员会 State Education Commission
高等学校 institution of higher education
综合性大学 comprehensive university
文科大学 university of liberal arts
文科院校 colleges of art
理工科大学 college/university of science and engineering
师范大学 normal university; teachers' university
师范学院 teachers' college
工业大学 polytechnical university
工业学院 engineering institute
农业大学 agricultural university
农学院 agricultural college
医科大学 medical university
医学院 medical college/school
中医院 institute of traditional Chinese medicine
音乐学院 conservatory of music
美术学院 academy of fine arts
体育学院 physical culture institute
分校 branch school
重点学校 key school
业余学校 spare-time school
业余职工大学 spare-time college for staff and workers
电视广播大学 television and radio broadcasting university
函授学院 correspondence school
教师进修学校 teachers' college for vocational studies
成人夜校 night school for adults
业余艺术/体育学校 amateur arts/athletic school
半工半读学校 part-work and part-study school
中等专业学校 secondary specialized school; polytechnic school
中等技术学校 secondary technical school; technical secondary school
职业学校 vocational school
附中 attached middle school
在职进修班 in-service training course
进修班 class for advanced studies
短训班 short-term training course
专修科 special (training) course
自学考试 self-taught examination
教职员 teaching and administrative staff
教学人员 the faculty; teaching staff
中、小学校长headmaster/headmistress; principal
大专院校校长 president; chancellor
教务长 dean of studies
（系）主任 chairman; chairperson
副主任 vice-chairman
教授 professor
副教授 associate professor
客座教授 visiting professor; guest professor
讲师 lecturer
助教 assistant
专职教师 full-time teacher
兼职教师 part-time teacher
辅导员 assistant for political and ideological work
教研室/组 teaching and research section/group
教学组 teaching group
教员休息室 staff room; common room
母校 Alma Mater
校友 alumnus; alumna
学生会 students' union/association
高年级学生 upper/higher grade pupil/student; pupil/student in senior grades
低年级学生 lower grade pupil/student; pupil/student in junior grades
走读生 day student; non-resident student
住宿生 boarder
旁听生 auditor
研究生 graduate student; post-graduate (student)
应届毕业生 graduating student/pupil; this year's graduates
听课 to visit a class; to sit in on a class;p to attend a lecture
公开课 open class
课程 course; curriculum
必修课 required/compulsory course
选修课 elective/optional course
基础课 basic course
专业课 specialized course
课程表 school timetable
课外活动 extracurricular activities
课外辅导 instruction after class
课外阅读 outside reading
课堂讨论 class discussion
（大学的）研究小组；讨论会 seminar
教学大纲 teaching program; syllabus
教学内容 content of courses
学习年限 period of schooling
学历 record of formal schooling
学年 school/academic year
学期 (school)term; semester
学分 credit
分数 mark; grade
五分制 the 5-grade marking system
百分制 100-mark system
学习成绩 academic record; school record
成绩单 school report; report card; transcript
毕业论文 thesis; dissertation
毕业实习 graduation field work
毕业设计 graduation ceremony
毕业典礼 graduation ceremony; commencement
毕业证书 diploma; graduation certificate
毕业鉴定 graduation appraisal
授予某人学位 to confer a degree on sb.
升级 to be promoted to a higher grade
留级 to repeat the year's work; to stay down
补考 make-up examination
升学t o go to a school of a higher grade; to enter a higher school
升学率 proportion of students entering schools of a higher grade
奖学金 scholarship
（国家）助学金 (state)stipend/subsidy
领取助学金的学生 a grant-aided student
学费 tuition (fee)
伙食费 board expenses
伙食补助 food allowance