翻译《圣经》的艺术及实务。

《旧约》原以希伯来文写成，有些分散的段落为阿拉米文字。最初全文被译为阿拉米文字，然后在西元3世纪被译为希腊文（“七十子希腊文本圣经”）。希伯来学者从阿拉米文“塔古姆”创造出权威的马所拉本（Masoretic
text,
6～10世纪），原本的希伯来卷轴已经亡佚。《新约》原为希腊文或阿拉米文。基督教徒把《旧约》和《新约》译为科普特文、衣索比亚文、哥德文、拉丁文。圣哲罗姆的通俗拉丁文本《圣经》（405）是千年以来标准的基督教翻译。15～16世纪的新知产生新的翻译。马丁．路德把整部《圣经》译为德文（1522～1534）。第一部完整的英译本《圣经》（归功于威克利夫）出现于1382年，不过却是詹姆斯国王的版本（1611）成为三百年以上的标准。到20世纪晚期，整部《圣经》已被译为两百五十种语文，部分翻译者超过一千三百种。

Art and practice of translating the Bible.

The Old Testament was originally written in Hebrew, with
scattered passages of Aramaic. It was first translated in its entirety into
Aramaic and then, in the 3rd century AD, into Greek (the Septuagint). Hebrew
scholars created the authoritative Masoretic text (6th-10th century) from
Aramaic Targums, the original Hebrew scrolls having been lost. The New Testament
was originally in Greek or Aramaic. Christians translated both Testaments into
Coptic, Ethiopian, Gothic, and Latin. St. Jerome's Latin Vulgate (405) was the
standard Christian translation for 1,000 years. New learning in the 15th-16th
century generated new translations. Martin Luther translated the entire Bible
into German (1522-34). The first complete English translation, credited to John
Wycliffe, appeared in 1382, but it was the King James version (1611) that became
the standard for more than three centuries. By the late 20th century the entire
Bible had been translated into 250 languages and portions of it into more than
1,300.

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