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[font=Arial][size=2] [/size][/font]例A:He worked very hard last year. 去年他很用功。
例B:Mr. Smith bought a new car yesterday.
史密斯先生昨天买了一辆新车。
例C:They were here only a few minutes ago.
几分钟前他们还在这里。
[b]解说:[/b]
一般过去时最明显的现象就是常由表达过去之时间的副词或副词短语来修饰它(如各例句的斜体字部分)。这些常用于修饰一般过去时的副词有:yesterday, yesterday morning(afternoon, evening ), just now(刚才)。before(以前),then(at that time)(当时),last +时间(如last week, month, year, Monday, … January, … spring, …, etc. ),that +时间(如that day, afternoon, summer, …, etc. ),时间+ago(如a few minutes ago, two weeks ago , years ago, … etc.)
“过去”的概念并不是只指如 “yesterday, last week,… ” 等,实际上“与现在对立的过去”,亦即“非现在的以前”,哪怕是“过了说话时间的几分钟之前”,只要所要表达的时间与说话时的“现在”形成对立,就必须使用一般过去时来表达。例如:
He was here only a few minutes ago.
仅仅几分钟前他还在这里。
I came home just now.
我刚回到家。
在A项我们说明了“this + 时间,today, etc.”的时间副词常用于修饰一般现在时,但是实际上只要是“与说话时的现在”对立,就必须使用一般过去时。例如:
I got up very early this morning.
今天早晨我起床很早。
He was late for school again today.
今天他又迟到了。 |
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