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英语新闻系列讲座-词汇特色(1) - 新闻英语 作者:崔高健 阅读次数:10221
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英语像汉语一样在不断地发展与变化,外国人学习现代英语,非多看中国报刊、多听中文广播或多看中文电视不可。同样,我们在学习现代英语时,也要尽可能经常接触英语报刊、广播。毫不夸张他说,当今社会日新月异的发展成百倍地拓展了现代英语的涵盖范畴,以至于有人戏言,倘若莎士比亚再生,恐怕也要沦为文盲。而英语世界里这一日千里的变迁和由此带来的新生事物,除了报刊等英语新闻媒体外,几乎找不到更好的手段予以详细记录。现代英语已与我们的长辈几十年以前从课本上学到的英语有了区别。虽说是大同小异,但小异在哪儿?最简便的方法就是从英语报刊等新闻媒介中寻找。可见,新闻英语无疑将有助于我们学习现代英语的各种实用文体与风格,扩大学习视野,丰富各方面的知识。
英语报刊集现代英语之大成,如总统庄严的声明,民众轻松的闲聊,各学科的术语,各领域的行话,风土人情乃至市井俚语,英语报刊无所不包,从而有利于我们广大英语爱好者根据自己的需要和爱好各取所需。不难理解,英语报刊是我们学习和掌握现代英语最实用的途径之一,其鲜明七实用的词汇特色集中表现在以下几个方面:
1.汉语新词英译俯拾即是 现代社会发展迅猛,其结果之一便是新词语不断涌现。新中国成立以来,尤其是改革开放以来,现代汉语中出现了大量的新词汇,包括旧词新义、流行语、外来新词语等;甚至不少己湮没多年的旧词语也频频亮相,给人们,尤其是年轻一代,以耳目一新之感。在改革开放的今天,由于词典等工具书的编纂周期难以赶上现实生活中新词语的产生速度,广大英语学习者面临的一大难题就是,如何把这些新词语译成地道的英语。而英语报刊正好起到了为一般双语词典“拾遗补缺”的作用,如“双休日”、“拳头产品”、“人才流动”、“外向型经济”、“三资企业”、“扫黄运动”、“不正之风”、“小康水平”、 “退居二线”、“有偿新闻”,“与国际接轨”等词语的英译,首先都是见诸英语报端的。现列举几则摘自英语报刊含有这类新词语英语表达的实例,以资佐证:
1) Taking advantage of the two-day dayoffs,he basked in the spring sunshine with his family. (他和家人一起沐浴在春天的阳光之下,享受双休日所带来的乐趣。)
2) The central government called on every region to develop its own export-oriented hit products according to its local advantages and characteristic. (中央政府号召各地利用本地优势和特点开发当地的出口型拳头产品。)
3) In order to fully tap the human resources,the rational flow of trained personnel should not only be allowed but also be encouraged. (为了充分发掘人才潜力,不仅应该允许人才合理流动,而且还要鼓励人才流动。)
4) To further develop the export一oriented economy, Shanghai is to make a number of preferential policies soon to encourage business people both at home and abroad to set up more enterprises in the the three forms of ventures,i.e. enterprises for Sino-foreign joint venture, for Sino-foreign co-production and enterprises with sole foreign capital. (为了进一步发展外向型经济,上海最近将出台一系列优惠政策,以鼓励国内外经营者创建更多的三资企业,即中外合资企业、中外合作企业和外商独资企业。)
5) The disappearance of such materials as pornographic and obscene books, periodicals and tapes is proof that China's campaign against porns is making progress. (黄色书刊及音响制品现己难觅踪迹,这证明了中国的扫黄运动正在取得进展。)
6)Some austere measures should be taken to check the unhealthy tendencies which,according to the press exposures , were rampant in some localities. (从新闻媒介所暴露的情况来看,不正之风在一些地区已非常严重,必须采取严格措施刹住这股歪风。)
7) The next ojective for the Chinese people to strive for is to reach the well-to-do level. (中国人民的下一个奋斗目标是在本世纪末达到小康水平。)
8) He works enthusiastically as ever even though he has retired from the leading post. (尽管己退居二线,他的工作热情丝毫不减。)
9) Journalists should firmly object to the payoffs-aimed fournalism which deviates from press ethics. (新闻记者应坚决反对有偿新闻,因为它违背了新闻记者的职业道德。)
10) Many large companies in Shanghai have geared themselves to the international conventions and set up aftersales services accepting repairs and dealing with customers, complaints. (上海的许多大公司都专门设有售后服务中心,接受维修业务和处理客户投诉,目的在于与国际接轨。)
以上诸例显示,阅读英语报刊不失为接触现代英语脉搏的一条事半功倍的捷径,这是传统教科书和一般双语词典所望尘莫及的。这一特点无疑有助于英语学习者紧紧跟上现代英语的发展步伐和提高英语的表达能力。类似的新词英译在英语报刊中俯拾即是,再举数例,以飨读者:
China's actual conditions 中国国情 bonded area 保税区 be honest in performing one's official duties 廉洁奉公 build a clean and honest government; construction of a clean government 廉政建设 abuse of power for personal gain; misuse of power for private interest 以权谋私 corruption reporting centre 举报中心 be responsible for one's own profit and loss 自负盈亏 jack up price 哄抬物价 with the inflation factors deducted; inflation adjusted 扣除物价上涨因素 bureaucrat profiteering; bureaucrat racketeering 官倒 single youth above the normal matrimonial age 大龄青年 agricultural people to be given non-agricultural status 农转非
关键字:新闻英语 | | | |
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